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===== Creating a Fit Plot ===== | ===== Creating a Fit Plot ===== | ||
- | Nonlinear least squares data fitting can be performed using Fit Plot. | + | Nonlinear least squares data fitting |
- | To create a Fit Plot, select your X and Y columns in Table, then select '' | + | To create a Fit Plot, select your X and Y columns in Table, then select '' |
- | {{: | + | {{: |
+ | |||
+ | ==== MagicPlot has been verified with NIST Datasets ==== | ||
+ | National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) has created the Statistical Reference Datasets Project which includes [[http:// | ||
===== Fitting Methodology ===== | ===== Fitting Methodology ===== | ||
- | ' | + | ' |
+ | Fit procedure iteratively varies | ||
To fit the data, implement these steps: | To fit the data, implement these steps: | ||
- | - Create a Fit Plot, specify Y errors in Fit Plot properties, if any | + | - Create a Fit Plot, specify Y errors in Data tab of Curve Properties dialog for the data curve, if any |
- Specify fit function by adding Fit Curves | - Specify fit function by adding Fit Curves | ||
- Specify initial values of fit parameters (drag curves or enter accurate values) | - Specify initial values of fit parameters (drag curves or enter accurate values) | ||
- Specify used X data interval | - Specify used X data interval | ||
- Run fitting | - Run fitting | ||
+ | |||
+ | You can undo fit and also undo changing initial parameters as any other action using '' | ||
==== Further reading ==== | ==== Further reading ==== | ||
This manual does not completely cover the complex nonlinear fitting methodology. We recommend you to take a look at this book: | This manual does not completely cover the complex nonlinear fitting methodology. We recommend you to take a look at this book: | ||
- | * H. Motulsky and A. Christopoulos, | + | * H. Motulsky and A. Christopoulos, |
- | {{: | + | {{: |
===== Fit Function is a Sum of Fit Curves ===== | ===== Fit Function is a Sum of Fit Curves ===== | ||
- | MagicPlot considers fit function as a **sum** of Fit Curves. Ordinarily in peaks fitting each Fit Curve corresponds to one peak in experimental data. Click the '' | + | MagicPlot considers fit function as a **sum** of Fit Curves. Ordinarily in peaks fitting each Fit Curve corresponds to one peak in experimental data. Click the '' |
Fit Plot window contains the list of Fit Curves. Each Fit Curve in the list has three checkboxes: | Fit Plot window contains the list of Fit Curves. Each Fit Curve in the list has three checkboxes: | ||
- | {{: | + | {{: |
- | * '' | + | * '' |
* '' | * '' | ||
* '' | * '' | ||
- | Below the Fit Curves list is a parameters table which shows names, values, and descriptions of parameters relating to selected Fit Curve. | + | Below the Fit Curves list, is a parameters table which shows names, values, and descriptions of parameters relating to the selected Fit Curve. |
- | ===== Copying and Pasting Fit Curves | + | ==== Fitting by Sum and Fitting One Curve ==== |
+ | MagicPlot allows two alternatives buttons to run the fit: | ||
+ | * '' | ||
+ | * '' | ||
+ | |||
+ | ==== Copying and Pasting Fit Curves ==== | ||
You can copy and paste Fit Curves from one Fit Plot to another Fit Plot or Figure. You can also paste the copied Fit Curves to the same Fit Plot to create a copy. | You can copy and paste Fit Curves from one Fit Plot to another Fit Plot or Figure. You can also paste the copied Fit Curves to the same Fit Plot to create a copy. | ||
* The copy of Fit Curves with the same parameters and styles will be created if you paste Fit Curves to a Fit Plot. | * The copy of Fit Curves with the same parameters and styles will be created if you paste Fit Curves to a Fit Plot. | ||
* A link to the source Fit Curves will be inserted if you paste Fit Curves in a Figure. | * A link to the source Fit Curves will be inserted if you paste Fit Curves in a Figure. | ||
+ | |||
+ | ==== Fit Curves Reordering ==== | ||
+ | You can reorder Fit Curves by dragging them in the table. The data curve is always drawn the first and fit sum is drawn the last. | ||
===== Setting Initial Values of Parameters ===== | ===== Setting Initial Values of Parameters ===== | ||
- | Nonlinear fitting assumes that certain initial values of parameters are set before fitting. This procedure is very easy if you use Fit Curves of predefined types (not custom equation): you can drag curves on plot. Initial parameters values for each Fit Curve can also be set in parameter table. | + | Nonlinear fitting assumes that certain initial values of parameters are set before fitting. This procedure is very easy if you use Fit Curves of predefined types (not custom equation): you can drag curves on the plot. Initial parameters values for each Fit Curve can also be set in the parameter table. |
- | You can adjust Parameters using mouse wheel (scrolling): Hold Ctrl (Cmd on Mac) key and scroll. If Shift key is also pressed the step will be increased. | + | {{:moving_curves.png? |
- | {{:moving_curves.png|Moving curves | + | ==== Adjusting Parameters with Mouse Wheel ==== |
+ | You can adjust Parameters in the table using mouse wheel scrolling when the mouse cursor is on the desired parameter: Hold Ctrl key (Cmd key on Mac) and scroll. If the Shift key is also pressed the parameter step for one wheel ' | ||
+ | |||
+ | ===== Guessing Peaks ===== | ||
+ | If you are fitting a spectrum | ||
===== Parameter Locking ===== | ===== Parameter Locking ===== | ||
- | You can lock parameter(s) to prevent varying this parameter during fit and to prevent its changing due to setting | + | You can lock (fix) parameter(s) to prevent varying this parameter(s) during |
+ | |||
+ | {{: | ||
+ | |||
+ | ===== Parameters Joining ===== | ||
+ | MagicPlot allows joining (sometimes referred to as coupling, binding, linking) of fit parameters of different Fit Curves. See [[joining]] for details. | ||
+ | |||
+ | ===== Weighting of Data Points Using Y Errors ===== | ||
+ | MagicPlot allows the weighting of data points with Y error data. You can specify Y error data in Fit Plot properties dialog. If no Y error data are specified weighting is not used. | ||
+ | |||
+ | Weights are calculated as '' | ||
- | {{: | + | Weights must be positive and finite for all points so the Y error values must be positive and non-zero (to prevent infinite weights). MagicPlot checks this condition before fitting and shows an error message if Y errors cannot be used to compute weights. |
- | ===== Fit Intervals ===== | + | ===== Specifying |
- | You can set the x intervals of the data. Data points outside these intervals are not used to compute the minimizing residual sum of squares | + | You can set the X intervals of the data which will be used for fitting. Data points outside these intervals are not used to compute the minimizing residual sum of squares. You can use this feature if some data points (especially in the beginning or the end) are inaccurate, e.g. noisy. |
- | Select '' | + | Select '' |
- | * Double click on interval to split it | + | * Double click on the interval to split it |
* Drag the interval border to move it. If intervals intersect, they will be merged | * Drag the interval border to move it. If intervals intersect, they will be merged | ||
* Use context menu on the plot to create, delete and split intervals | * Use context menu on the plot to create, delete and split intervals | ||
- | | {{:interval_context_menu2.png|Interval | + | **Note:** Data intervals from the '' |
- | ===== Baseline Fitting and Extraction ===== | + | {{: |
- | Fit Interval is also usable when baseline fitting. Before baseline fitting you can specify the interval which does not contain any signal points and contains baseline only. Set '' | + | |
- | The most appropriate curve type for baseline fitting | + | ===== Baseline Fitting and Extraction ===== |
+ | Fit Interval is also usable when baseline fitting. Before baseline fitting, you can specify the interval which does not contain any signal points and contains baseline only. Set '' | ||
- | Note that if you execute one of data processing | + | Note that if you use data processing (integration, |
===== ' | ===== ' | ||
- | The ' | + | The ' |
- | + | ||
- | It is ' | + | |
Use ' | Use ' | ||
- | ===== Viewing the Difference between Data and Fit Sum Function (Residual) ===== | + | ===== Viewing the Residual |
- | MagicPlot offers two different ways to view the difference between data and Fit Sum function: | + | Residual means here the difference between |
- | * You can set '' | + | * Press and hold the '' |
- | or | + | * You can either set '' |
- | * You can press and hold '' | + | |
- | ===== Fit One Curve ===== | + | ===== Fitting |
- | You can also use MagicPlot to fit the data with single selected | + | To execute the fit click the '' |
- | Because of using individual data interval this method is useful for baseline fitting. In order to fit baseline specify | + | MagicPlot indicates the fit process with a special window. Fitting curves are periodically updated on the plot while fitting so you can see how fit converges. |
- | ===== Joining the Parameters of Fit Curves ===== | + | {{: |
- | MagicPlot allows coupling of fit parameters. See [[joining]] for details. | + | |
- | ===== Fit Progress Window ===== | + | MagicPlot shows the current iteration number and deviation decrement with two progress bars while the fit is performed. The fit process stops when one of these progress bars reaches the end. |
- | MagicPlot indicates fit process with a special window. Fitting curves are periodically updated on plot while fitting so you can see how fit converges. | + | |
- | + | ||
- | {{: | + | |
- | + | ||
- | MagicPlot shows current iteration number and deviation decrement with two progress bars while fit is performed. The fit process stops when one of these progress bars reaches the end. | + | |
You can see two buttons on fit progress window: | You can see two buttons on fit progress window: | ||
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* '' | * '' | ||
- | ===== Undoing Fit ===== | + | ===== Fitting One Curve ===== |
- | You can undo fit and undo changing initial parameters as usual using '' | + | You can use MagicPlot to fit the data with single selected Fit Curve by pressing '' |
+ | |||
+ | Because of using individual data interval this method is useful for baseline fitting. In order to fit baseline specify the intervals which do not contain signal (peaks) and contain only noise. | ||
+ | |||
+ | {{: | ||
+ | |||
+ | ===== Why My Fit is Not Converged? ===== | ||
+ | In some cases, the fit procedure may fail to find the optimal parameters values. The actual mathematical reason for this error is the impossibility to invert the matrix α calculated from partial derivatives of the fit function | ||
+ | |||
+ | === The origin of this error may be: === | ||
+ | * Fit is not converged through one or more parameters: some parameters were taking unrealistically great values during iterations. There is no local minimum of residual sum of squares near the initial | ||
+ | * Mutual dependency exists between some parameters. The algorithm cannot resolve which parameter to vary. | ||
+ | * Fit function is ill-conditioned: | ||
+ | * Numeric overflow (or underflow) when calculating fit function with initial parameter values or on the next steps. | ||
+ | |||
+ | === Try one of the following: === | ||
+ | * Specify more accurate initial values of parameters. | ||
+ | * Simplify the fit function (e.g. remove some peaks). | ||
+ | * Lock some parameters. | ||
===== See Also ===== | ===== See Also ===== | ||
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* [[guess_peaks]] | * [[guess_peaks]] | ||
* [[fit_equations]] | * [[fit_equations]] | ||
- | * [[transform_xy]] | ||
* [[interval_statistics]] | * [[interval_statistics]] | ||
+ | * [[table_from_curves]] |